12 Ekim 2024 Cumartesi

Pharaoh’s body

  

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Refutation Of The So-Called External Contradictions In The ...

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The Identification Of Pharaoh During The Time Of Moses




Pharaoh And His Gods In Ancient Egypt




Bucaille also believed that there were two Pharaohs in the Moses story - Ramses II was involved at the start of the story, but his son Merneptah has the one killed in the Red Sea during the Exodus. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-12-18-vw-6558-story.html

Pharaoh's Mummy In Quran.

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There is a problem in the Bible, it insists that Pharaoh's body drowned in the Red Sea. Pharaoh wore body armor that would have sunk his corpse to the bottom of the sea indeed but we discovered all mummies of Pharaohs in that era; there is no mummy lying at the bottom of the sea as claimed in the Bible.

There is no such thing as a missing Pharaoh's mummy from the time of Moses. So if he really drowned then his body armor should have sunk his corpse to the bottom of the sea and his body should be missing today.


The soldiers did not wear any armor but the Pharaoh did:

Defensive Equipment of the Egyptian Army

Because of the climate, very little armor was ever worn in Africa. In Egypt's Old and Middle Kingdom, Egyptian soldiers never wore armor. In the Old Kingdom they are usually depicted wearing only a belt and a small triangular loincloth... Sometimes broad leather bands covered part of the torso of charioteers, but generally soldiers are depicted without any body protection. Again the pharaohs were, not surprisingly, the exception.


Tour Egypt, Defensive Equipment of the Egyptian Army, 2019

Pharaohs wore scale armor. Copper and iron scales were sewn to leather and fabric. Then semi-precious stones were added for decoration:

Military of ancient Egypt

The pharaohs often wore scale armour with inlaid semi-precious stones, which offered better protection, the stones being harder than the metal used for arrow tips.


Wikipedia, Military of ancient Egypt, 2018

This metal armor plus the semi-precious stones are much denser than water and should have sunk the corpse of the Pharaoh to the bottom of the sea. Instead we found his body inland mummified. Since they didn't have the technology to find and raise his body, Christians have to explain "Who raised his body from the bottom of the sea?". But the Quran didn't do this mistake. Instead the Quran insists that Allah specifically saved Pharaoh's body:

Quran 10:92

Today We will preserve your body, so that you become a sign for those after you. But most people are heedless of Our signs.


٩٢ فَالْيَوْمَ نُنَجِّيكَ بِبَدَنِكَ لِتَكُونَ لِمَنْ خَلْفَكَ آيَةً ۚ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ عَنْ آيَاتِنَا لَغَافِلُونَ

Allah saved Pharaoh's body because PHARAOH COULD NOT FLOAT. And since Allah saved his body then no mummy should be missing today. No mistakes in the Quran. via https://www.miracles-of-quran.com/mummy.html


Pharaoh’s wife Asia According to the Quran, this Pharaoh was married to a believer woman called Asia bint Muzahim. Asia or Asiya in Arabic is the name that means the Asian continent. Ramses II was married to the Hittites prince’s daughter where they ruled in Syria. Syria is part of the Asian continent. Some connect this woman to the older King of Egypt in Joseph’s time and some say she is an Israelite that’s why she adopted Moses and protected him from death on Pharaoh’s hands. If she is a Hittite, why the Hittites did not revenge for her death on the Pharaoh’s hand (i.e. her husband Ramses II)? The Hittites suffered a severe famine which Merneptah’s record shows that he sent grain to Hittites to stop their famine and hold the peace treaty with them.


Presence of salt on the mummies is the normal as using Natron salt was an essential step in mummification
But the salt that was found is not a Natron or table−salt, but a sea− salt which contains minerals and it looks darker than table salt. Natron is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, and sodium sulfate. Sea salt is composed of sodium chloride mainly
with salt from elements like; calcium, magnesium salts of chloride, potassium, sulfate. And more other elements in small amounts like; bicarbonate, bromide, borate, strontium, fluoride, silicate, iodide. What Bucaille found is a sea−salt, not Natron. Maurice also, come to the conclusion that Merneptah is the Moses’s Pharaoh or the exodus Pharaoh in his book. In the Arabic translation of his book, when he said “Mernpetah is the pharaoh.” (page 294 le bible le quran la science, The Arabic version). Maurice himself disagree with Sahar Saleem when he said “both mummies were studied and undergo the same tests, both Ramses II and Merneptah (page 304). In addition, Maurice agrees with Sahar when he found that merneptah fits more to be the pharaoh of exodus and he said “this pharaoh whether he died drowning according to biblical narratives, or because of the very severe traumas that proceed the sea drowning him or both together” (page 304). Meanwhile, Sahar saleem calls the missing bones in the merneptah’s skull as “a defect” see (Figure 3, 4). She thinks it was caused by the embalmer sharp solid tool! A beveled skull fracture with longer edges of the outer table of the skull then the inner table which made by a severe penetrating trauma. The bone piece could be still inside the skull or removed by the embalmer. As well, “merneptah’s chest wall has a big opened wound that allowed Dr. Moustafa Al-Menilawy to do an endoscopy to the chest cavity which all agree that was caused by severe trauma during drowning” see (Figure 5).by  Abdulwahab F. Alahmari Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia 132 PUBLICATIONS   71 CITATIONS   

Natron is a naturally occurring mixture of sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3·10H2O, a kind of soda ash) and around 17% sodium bicarbonate (also called baking soda, NaHCO3) along with small quantities of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. Natron is white to colourless when pure, varying to gray or yellow with impurities. Natron deposits are sometimes found in saline lake beds which arose in arid environments. Throughout history natron has had many practical applications that continue today in the wide range of modern uses of its constituent mineral components.

In modern mineralogy the term natron has come to mean only the sodium carbonate decahydrate (hydrated soda ash) that makes up most of the historical salt.
















Did the prophecy come true? Both pharaohs’ bodies are still preserved since the Egyptians mummified them and their bodies both were sent to France to be treated to be preserved which is a fulfillment of the prophecy. Maurice Bucaille gave the best answer for this question when he said “The preservation of the mummy would prevent us from losing the only surviving physical evidence to this day. A witness of the cause of Pharaoh’s death to come out and the God will preserve his body. It is necessary for a person to work on restoring the evidence of his history, but the meaning of it here is something more than this. It is a physical evidence in a mummified body to the one who knew Moses, opposed his requests, and chased him in his escape and died during this pursuit, and God saved his body from complete destruction to become a sign for people as it is written in the Quran” (page 304 in “la bible le Quran la science”). There is drowning and the possibility of losing the body, graves thieves, insects, tissue decomposition, losing antiquities and pharaonic artifacts in the Egyptian demonstration, etc. But their bodies are both still preserved and protected until today. Both royalties are presented in the Egyptian museum and around the world which is a fulfillment of the prophecy see (Figure 8). Everything can affect the mummy’s body or the mummy could be lost if one of the street vendors sold the mummy as seen in (Figure 9), but both mummies are still in Egypt today which makes the prophecy true. 
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11 Ekim 2024 Cuma

talking ant ?

  Ants are social insects that have several ways of communicating with each other. With thousands or even millions of ants living in a single colony, it is important that these insects can quickly communicate essential information such as where the next meal is located or if there is an intruder coming inside the nest. Unlike humans, ants do not have the ability to speak so they must communicate in other ways. So, how do ants communicate? 

Five Ways Ants Communicate:

 

Scent (Pheromones)

The most important way that ants communicate with other colony members is through unique chemicals called pheromones. Using their antenna to “smell” the pheromones, ants can communicate everything from colony activity to where food is located.   

Touch

In addition to helping them “smell”, ants also use their antenna to touch each other as a way to communicate. Some ants also use their front legs (called forelegs) along with their antenna when contacting each other.  

Motion & Body Language

Ants also combine pheromones and touch with unique body language, such as raising their abdomen in the air, to communicate. Similar examples of human body language signals include giving someone a thumbs up or nodding your head.  

Sound

Some species of ants make noises to communicate with each other. Depending on the species, the sounds can mean a variety of things like calling for help or to attract a potential mate. 

Trophallaxis

Trophallaxis, or sharing food mouth-to-mouth, is a common way for social insects like bees, termites, and ants to communicate. For ants, trophallaxis can be a way for colony members to share food, spread important information and help them separate nest mates from outsiders.

  

For more interesting information about ants, check out our Ant Critter Guide! You may also like to know how much an ant can life (it's like if a person could life a car ) via pestworldforkids.org

source :

How Do Ants Communicate With Each Other?








If you want to survive as an ant, you'd better get ready to make some noise. A new study shows that even ant pupae—a stage between larvae and adult—can communicate via sound, and that this communication can be crucial to their survival.

"What's very cool about this paper is that researchers have shown for the first time that pupae do, in fact, make some sort of a sound," says Phil DeVries, an entomologist at the University of New Orleans in Louisiana who was not involved in the study. "This was a very clever piece of natural history and science."

Scientists have known for decades that ants use a variety of small chemicals known as pheromones to communicate. Perhaps the most classic example is the trail of pheromones the insects place as they walk. Those behind them follow this trail, leading to long lines of ants marching one by one. However, the insects also use pheromones to identify which nest an ant is from and its social status in that nest. Because this chemical communication is so prevalent and complex, researchers long believed that this was the primary way ants shared information.

However, several years ago, researchers began to notice that adults in some ant genuses, such as Myrmica, which contains more than 200 diverse species found across Europe and Asia, made noise. These types of ants have a specialized spike along their abdomen that they stroke with one of their hind legs, similar to dragging the teeth of a comb along the edge of a table. Preliminary studies seemed to indicate that this noise served primarily as an emergency beacon, allowing the ants to shout for help when being threatened by a predator.

Larvae and young pupae have soft outer skeletons, which means their specialized spikes haven't yet formed and they can't make noise. However, as the pupae mature, their covering hardens into a tough exoskeleton like that found in adult ants. These older pupae do have fully functional spikes but were generally thought to be silent.

Using an extra-sensitive microphone that would pick up on the faint acoustic signals, the researchers measured the sounds produced by 10 differentM. scabrinodis larvae, six immature pupae, and six mature pupae. Whereas the larvae and immature pupae were completely silent, the mature pupae produced brief pulses of sound (see audio files), the team reports online today in Current Biology.

Further analysis of this noise showed that it was a simplified version of the more complex adult sound. It was as if the mature pupae were saying, "Help!" while the adults were saying "Hey, I'm over here! Please come help! It's your friend!"

To test the function of these noises in the mature pupae, the researchers first played back the sounds made by either the mature pupae or adult M. scabrinodis. Adult worker ants responded the same way to both recordings, such as walking over to the speaker, rubbing their antennae against it, and guarding it. They didn't show these responses when Schönrogge and colleagues played white noise. These behaviors, which represent a worker ant's attempts to protect its nestmates, indicate that acoustic communication served to bring assistance in both mature pupae and adult ants.

To see how the ants used this acoustic communication, the team removed the abdominal spike from some of the mature pupae in a nest. The researchers then disturbed the nest, spilling out larvae, pupae, and adult workers into an experimental arena. Normally, the adult ants rescue their nestmates in a specific order: mature pupae, immature pupae, and, finally, the larvae. In the experiments by Schönrogge and colleagues, the adult workers indeed rescued the unmuted mature pupae first. However, the adult ants completely ignored the muted ants. It was as if the mute mature pupae simply didn't exist.

"The sounds they make rescue them by signaling their social status," Schönrogge says. "There is complex information in these signals," that combine with chemical signals to provide an array of information about the individual. Researchers have yet to decode everything the ants are communicating by sound and how the ants interpret these signals. Acoustic communication may be especially important in mature pupae because they don't yet produce the full array of adult pheromones, but they also don't smell and behave like larvae, either.

DeVries cautions that the discovery doesn't mean that chemical communication in ants is less important. "Ants live in these enormously sophisticated societies," he says. "Acoustic signaling adds another gorgeous piece to what we know about how insect societies communicate." by BYCARRIE ARNOLD

source :

Shhh, the Ants Are Talking





Do ants speak to each other? Yes!

Another peculiar way of how ants communicate is by sound. A majority of ant species use it to communicate, although it is commonly unknown to most people because of its low resonance. The ants can procure different sounds by scraping their legs on a washboard-like part of their body, thus accomplishing different sounds. Although we may not hear it, other ants can. The sound is actually possible for us to perceive if we hold an ant very close to the ear, listening carefully.

The sounds are used in different ways, depending on the species. A great example of the use of sound is when a worker ant has been trapped somewhere. Maybe through the collapse of a tunnel or chamber – blocking all the exits. The ant can use sound as a distress call, signaling their location to the other workers through the walls. This could not be achieved by pheromones.

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  • miracles / Myths and Legendary Tales?

  • Solomon and the ‘talking’ ants

    BY  ON NOVEMBER 4, 2014 • ( 7 COMMENTS )

    According to the Quran, Prophet Solomon (pbuh) was able to listen to ants communicating with one another:

    And gathered for Solomon were his soldiers of the jinn and men and birds, and they were [marching] in rows. Until, when they came upon the valley of the ants, an ant said, “O ants, enter your dwellings that you not be crushed by Solomon and his soldiers while they perceive not.” So [Solomon] smiled, amused at her speech, and said, “My Lord, enable me to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents and to do righteousness of which You approve. And admit me by Your mercy into [the ranks of] Your righteous servants.” (27:17-19)

    Some people bring up these verses to try and show the Quran is in error because ants don’t verbally communicate with one another.

    Is there any error in these verses? Not unless you want to try and find an error, it is a fact that ants do in fact communicate with one another, which you can read about on the following links:

    http://science.jrank.org/pages/450/Ants-Communication.html

    http://whyzz.com/how-do-ants-communicate

    https://suite.io/aimee-larsen-stoddard/3zde24d

    Now obviously ants don’t communicate as we humans do, so how do we reconcile the Quranic verses with the way ants actually communicate? Well it’s very simple, when the Quran talks about Solomon being able to understand the ants, it obviously means he was able to understand their form of communication, it doesn’t mean that because he understood the ants communication that they were communicating as humans do, this is a deduction made by the person who wants to try and prove an error in the Quran.

    Ants communicate, and Solomon was able to understand this communication between the ants, and this is exactly why he was smiling and thanking God afterwards, because he had been granted such a favor from God in being able to recognize the communication of the ants.

    Interestingly enough according to the Quran the ants began communicating with each other as Solomon and his troops were entering their area, and it is a scientific fact that there are a group of ants responsible for patrolling the nest, with their job essentially being to protect the nest and check out for any danger, and so their job is to also communicate should there be any threat:

    “In ant colonies, there are specific jobs that groups of ants perform. For instance, one group of ants forages for food, another group patrols around the nest, while a third group takes care of the inside of the nest.” (https://suite.io/aimee-larsen-stoddard/3zde24d)

    Now onto another point which is the use of language, and here is an example of that with the Quran saying the ants talked or the ants said, the Quran is simply describing it in a way that we as humans would understand, and to also make it sound nicer. For example if the Quran gave the exact details of how ants actually communicate, with their touching and smelling, it loses it’s literary appeal and style.

    Interestingly enough in one of the sources we mentioned, the scientists that talk about how ants communicate, mention how ants ‘talk’ with one another, but we all understand that the ants aren’t actually ‘talking’ to each other as we understand, the author is just utilizing the language and word here in a way we understand and comprehend. The very same with the Quran, it is describing the communication of the ants in a way we understand and comprehend without having to get into all the technical details.

    What is interesting is that often times it is Christian apologists who bring up these verses to try and disprove the Quran, and for them there is another very simple response without having to mention all of the above we have written. It’s simple, perhaps God decided to allow the ants to actually communicate and talk with each other as we humans do, and did this just for Solomon. Christian apologists do believe in the supernatural and miraculous after all don’t they? So what would be the problem with God doing this for Solomon? He could have easily done that for Solomon, making the ants communicate in a verbal way using speech as humans do, and this would be done as a major blessing and favor to Solomon, and a sign for others for God’s power and what he can do if he so pleases.

    In conclusion, the Quran is not in error when it mentions how ants communicated with one another warning each other of Solomon’s troops, it is a scientific fact that ants do indeed ‘talk’ with another through their own modes of communication, and it is a further scientific fact that there are a group of ants that are in charge of patrolling the nests and communicating with other ants lest the nest is in danger or impending danger. All in all these verses are a great proof of how the Quran is in line with science, because 1400 years ago it was telling the people that ants do indeed communicate with another, and thanks to in-depth scientific studies on the issue this has been shown to be correct.

  • source:

  • Solomon and the 'talking' ants

  • Here the usage of the word ‘said’ in the Quran should not be translated in the literal sense. The usage the Arabic word 'said' does not necessarily imply verbal communication or communication through spoken words. On the contrary, in Arabic language may sometimes be used for communication of ideas, feelings and thoughts, through any mode of communication.

    It may further be noted that the Qur'an has not used any such words like 'listen', 'hear' or 'overhear' for Solomon's comprehension and understanding of what the ant 'said'. The Qur'an, on the contrary, has only implied that Solomon understood and comprehended what the ant 'said'.

    The Qur'an does not 'say' that ants communicate through speech, on the contrary, it only 'says' that whatever the mode of communication in ants, Solomon comprehended and understood their communication, as a part of the special favors that he was granted by the Almighty via assufah 

  • >>>

  • Why does the Qur'an say that ants talk (27:18-19)

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  • Many scholars of Quranic commentary held that the ant actually spoke. Some indicated that its “speech” was in its own form of audible communication. Allah gave the prophet Solomon (peace be upon him) the ability to hear and understand this. [Tafsir al-Razi, Hashiya al-Jamal, Tafsir Ibn al-Jawzi]

    The Arabic word “qawl” is used in different ways in different contexts. The most apparent usage indicating a combination of letters spoken as either a single word or a sentence.

    It can also refer to speech in one’s heart, a belief, an indication towards something, a genuine concern, or meanings imparted through divine inspiration.  [Raghib, Mufradat al-Quran]

    The Ant Speaks

    Here, it is clear that the ant “spoke” audibly, because its speech was heard.  This entails that speech is not only using human language, as the Quran clearly refers to other species, such as birds, having their own language [Quran 27:16].  Rather, as Ibn al-Jawzi said, “Once the sound [that the ant made] was understood [by Solomon, peace be upon him], it was referred to as speech.” [Ibn al-Jawzi, Zad al-Musir]

    Science has also made recent discoveries that ants do “talk” to each other by making sounds to communicate. Something which was previously unknown. Thus, the Quran’s miraculous wisdom and veracity is continuously unfolding itself, if only we are patient and have firm belief.by seekers gudance 

  • Ant Communication

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  • Ants Cruched!

    In the descent of the Holy Qur'an time no one had the ability to study the body of ants or knowing any information about them, but after many studies, scientists make sure that the ants' skeletons externally very solid so-called "exoskeleton", therefore, Ants crush if they exposes to any pressure , so Allah says on the tongue of ant: ""O ants! Enter your dwellings, lest Solomon and his hosts crush you, while they perceive not." so the word"crush" it really means the break-up from the scientific point.

    New studies also suggest that the ant's body is made up mostly of a large amount of silicon that goes into the glass industry, and crashing is the most appropriate descriptions of the act evidencing the fracturing and crushing and intensity.

  • The Ants' Sequence of Communication is perfectly ...

  • The verse in the Quran goes like, [Quran 27.18] Until, when they came upon the valley of the ants, an ant said (for females), "O ants, enter your homes so that you do not be crushed by Solomon and his soldiers while they do not feel it."

    “All male ants have wings. All worker ants are females. All ants that don't have wings are definitely females. This was only known recently. But 1400 years ago the Quran addressed ants who cannot fly in the female mode:

    For the word "said": Kala (قال) is for males. Kalat (قالت) is for females. The Quran used Kalat (female).

    If this ant had wings it would have flown off however it didn't have this option, instead it's only option was to hide underground. Since it didn't have wings then this was definitely a female ant. Here the Quran correctly addressed this ant in the female mode.”

  • THE MIRACLE IN THE ANT

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How did Solomon in the Qur'an about "The Ant" understand the language of ants when ants use odors to communicate?

The answer to that question is exactly the answer to the question “how did Mary get to give birth to Isa (Jesus) when she is not married and have not had any sexual relationships with any men?”

Because Allah Himself, the Creator of ants, had given him that ability.

What was so special about Solomon?

Apparently in the Qur’an he has been mentioned as having this incredible fondness to thank Allah for all His favours to him and his parents. Also, he has been mentioned as excellent slave because he was often found repenting to Allah for all his mistakes.

But maybe one of the key factor was that his prayer. He actually ask Allah:

"My Lord! Forgive me, and bestow upon me a kingdom such as shall not belong to any other after me. Verily, You are the Bestower." (Qur’an Chapter 38, verse 35).

And Allah, because He is the Responder (of Prayer), gave him a kingdom that does not belong to any other men after him…A kingdom of men, animals, even the wind and even jinns, were all subjugated before Solomon.

  • ANT IN JEWISH LITERATURE, THE

  • The ant in the verse said these words in the feminine form (the word Galet is used for females in Arabic) and thus it is explained that it is female. Queen bees and worker bees are female. (11) Today, science also tells us that the secretion of the warning phenomenon (alarm pheromone) is the job of female ants. (12) This verse is a proof of the Quran for scientific societies. And it encourages people to research and learn by giving the example of Solomon who knew the language of animals. Although the words of the warning are given in the feminine form in the verse, when it says “come inside”, it is said udhulû, that is, the masculine form is used. Today, it is known that male ants, apart from female worker ants, have wings and come out from time to time. (13) In other words, the ants outside are not only female ants, male ants are also outside even if they do not do work. However, they do not have the duty of providing security or doing work. It has also been shown in the studies that there are worker (female) ants responsible for security in the ant community. In other words, according to scientific experience, male ants do not have the duty of watching for danger and giving warnings. In Arabic grammar, the masculine form of use is dominant over the feminine form. Therefore, the commands given to all people in the Quran are given in the masculine form. In Arabic grammar, when males and females are addressed together, they are addressed in the masculine form. In other words, when the verse translates the speech of the ant in its own language into Arabic, it indicates the speech of the warning ant, which is the only one according to Arabic grammar, with the feminine gender and translates it using the masculine gender for a group where males and females are together.by kurtuluş berzan
  • The probable scenario is the super colony mentioned in the verse and the queen ant that speaks by commanding. Firstly, there is no mutual conversation between the ants here. The sounds of the queen ants are very obvious( not for humans ears) and can be easily detected and recorded. In fact, some creatures can enter the nest by imitating the queen ant's voice. In other words, there is no scientific error in the verse, but future research is needed to be done to be fully scientific. The probable scenario is that the mating period is outside for the male ants. The signal exchange, distance and nature between the ants need to be fully investigated.by m.t.günay...

  • Caste Terminology

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University of Melbourne scientists have shone a new light into the complexities of ant communication, with the discovery that ants not only pick up information through their antennae but also use them to convey social signals.

It is believed to be the first time antennae have been found to be a two-way communication device, rather than just a receptor.

Do Ants Have Ears? The Hidden Truth About How These Tiny Creatures Hear by bestantsuk.com

The question seems simple - do ants have ears? Yet the answer reveals one of nature's most incredible adaptations. Our studies of these tiny creatures in gardens and ant farms have shown that their hearing ability challenges everything we know about sound perception.

These remarkable insects don't have ears like humans or other insects, but they're far from deaf. Their specialised leg organs sense vibrations, which lets them detect sound.

You will be amazed by the hypersensitivity of the Messor barbarus towards vibrations in general. No matter whether you are typing on a noisy keyboard or listening to music on your stereo, the harvester queen ant, along with most of the major ants, will start acting nervous and insane-like. Stressing the queen more often will lead to the entire colony's failure, starting with her ceasing egg laying.


This finding has revolutionised our understanding of ant communication and colony behaviour. Different species, such as carpenter ants and fire ants, create and perceive sounds uniquely, although chemical signals remain their primary method of communication. Queen ants and their pupae also use sound to survive and organise their social structure.

Let's explore the hidden world of ant hearing together. These seemingly basic creatures navigate their environment using a complex sensory system that operates in a manner unlike our own.

A microscope view of an ant shows no external ear structures. These creatures have built a different system to detect sound. This alternative system works perfectly for their lifestyle and environment.

Ants pick up sound by feeling vibrations instead of processing airborne sound waves like we do. These vibrations move through solid surfaces—soil, wood, or plant material—and specialised organs throughout the ant's body detect them. Their legs contain the main vibration receptors, specifically in the subgenual organ that sits right below what we'd call our knee joint.

The subgenual organ works as the ant's main "hearing" device and turns vibrations into neural signals that ants can understand. Each ant has a network of these receptors—two vibration receptors on each leg sit at spots matching our hip and knee joints. Six legs give ants twelve different sensors placed strategically around their body, which creates an advanced vibration detection system.

Their antennae and fine body hairs also help detect subtle environmental changes. These structures can pick up tiny vibrations that might signal danger, food sources, or messages from other ants.

This vibration-sensing system works amazingly well without traditional ears. Ants can spot approaching predators, find food, talk to nestmates, and coordinate complex colony activities—all without what we'd call "hearing".


How this question led to surprising discoveries

The discovery that ant pupae can communicate through sound amazed scientists even more. Science published research showing these insects—in their development stage between larvae and adults—could make sounds. Nobody expected this since experts thought pupae stayed quiet and inactive.


High-sensitivity microphones caught mature pupae making brief sound pulses—a simpler version of adult ant talk. Adult worker ants responded to these recorded sounds by moving toward them, touching them with their antennae, and protecting them, just like they'd guard their real nestmates.Vibrations are the foundations of an ant's auditory world. These tiny insects don't have traditional ears. Yet they've developed a sophisticated system to detect and interpret sounds. Their remarkable way of "hearing" through feeling has evolved over millions of years. This creates a communication network that helps colonies thrive in diverse environments.

Ants create substrate-borne vibrations through several methods:

  • Whole-body movements

  • Drumming body parts on the substrate

  • Scraping mandibles on nest surfaces

  • Stridulation (a specialised technique with body part rubbing)


These vibration signals serve multiple purposes in colony life. Scientists have seen stridulatory behaviour during nest digging, food gathering, trophallaxis (food sharing), brood care, conflicts, and nest moves. These vibrational signals work like an amplification system. They allow messages to pass from one colony member to another.

Some ant species create alarm signals by drumming their abdomens on the ground. This gets more and thus encourages more ants to drum their abdomens too. The warning spreads through the whole nest.

Subgenual organ: the ant's hidden hearing tool

The subgenual organ helps ants detect substrate-borne vibrations. This specialised organ sits in the proximal part of the tibia in all six legs. It converts physical vibrations into neural signals that the ant can process.

Carpenter ants (Camponotus ligniperda) have a subgenual organ shaped like a deformed sphere. Attachment cells connect one end to the cuticle. The other end receives signals from the tibial nerve. The organ creates a cavity wrapped in a single-cell membrane that folds extensively inside. Sensilla extend into this cavity. Each contains one neuron with associated dendrites, cilia and glial cells.

Ants also have another major chordotonal organ - the Johnston's organ. This structure sits within the antenna's pedicle and responds to flagellum movements caused by air flow. However, it can't detect stridulatory sound waves.


How ants detect ground-borne signals

Vibrational signals travel differently through various materials. Plant vibrations move as boundary waves, which scientists usually call dispersive. A newer study, published by, showed that plant stem size affects wave transmission. Bending waves move as dispersive waves at low frequencies and non-dispersive waves at higher frequencies.

Soil makes transmission more complex. Scientists must factor in grain size, plus water and air content. Ants have evolved amazing sensitivity to these complex signal patterns.


Leafcutter ants (Atta sexdens) can tell the difference in vibration arrival times between their legs. Lab tests with moving platforms revealed something remarkable. These ants need just 0.3 milliseconds of delay between leg vibrations to determine direction. This precise timing helps them find trapped or distressed nestmates.

The interaction between chemical and vibrational signals shows interesting patterns. Scientists exposed ants to citral (an alarm pheromone compound) and directional vibrations. Higher citral doses stopped ants from responding to vibration direction. This suggests alarm chemicals might override vibration signals during emergencies.

Scientists have recorded many vibration patterns from daily ant activities. These include walking, stone carrying, falling, surface scratching, agitated shaking, leg tapping, self-grooming, and ant interactions. Each activity creates unique vibration patterns that other ants can understand and interpret.

Differences between worker, queen, and soldier ants

Different members of an ant colony detect and create vibrations in unique ways. Queens, males, and workers all make sounds through stridulation. Queens produce sounds that are quite different from other castes. These differences play a vital role in organising the colony and maintaining its hierarchy.

Each caste's distinct sounds come from its unique stridulatory organs. Worker ants use stridulation to signal danger or coordinate food gathering. Queens create their own special vibrations to show dominance and talk to workers. These sounds aren't just louder or higher-pitched - they're completely different "acoustic fingerprints" that help keep the social structure intact.

The main frequency of stridulation signals changes based on the width and spacing of ridges in the stridulatory organ. The pars stridens length determines how long each chirp lasts. The patterns of chirp repetition show how fast and rhythmically the ants scrape. These physical differences between castes create unique sound patterns that other ants recognise and react to. via best antsts uksource

Do Ants Have Ears? The Hidden Truth About How These ...

  • Do Ants Have Brains Like Us?

    **

  • Ant brains: marvelous atoms of matter

    BY  · 

  •  it is the number of nerve cells (and their connections, the synapses) that gives a brain its computational power. Think of it as the transistor count of your laptop’s or smart phone’s CPU. The more, the better. But the more, the hotter your phone gets. In terms of nerve cells: the more cells, the more energy the brain uses. And brains do use a lot of metabolic energy (think: food requirements). Therefore, brains will not have more neurons (processing power) than necessary to survive in a particular environment.

    Section through an ant head (Novomessor cockerelli) showing the brain, the eyes, and muscle fibers. The box indicates the approximate area represented in the image below.
    Part of an ant (Acromyrmex versicolor) brain referred to as ‘mushroom body calyx’; light ‘dots’ are cell nuclei.

    We myrmecophiles think of our pet species as being pretty smart. They are. And they have many brain cells, roughly 50,000 – 150,000, depending on species and body size.
    So, considering the ants’ body size, is their number of nerve cells extraordinary?
    No. Any bee or wasp of comparable body size, social or solitary, has more nerve cells than our formicine friends. Even the lowly fruit fly does. For instance, a Dorymyrmex bicolor worker (body mass ca. 1.3 mg) has about 50,000 brain cells, yet a considerably smaller fruit fly (body mass ca. 0.1mg) has about twice as many brain cells.

    Compared to their body size, ants (red dots) have smaller brains (left) and fewer brain cells (right) than other Hymenoptera

    Why is that? We think a major reason is that ant workers don’t fly, and most ants do not rely on vision as much as flying insects. Flight control is mainly visual and requires a lot of very fast visual processing. In a fly, the visual centers comprise almost half of the entire brain mass whereas, in a ‘typical’ ant worker, the visual centers make up only about 2% of the brain (in contrast, in an extremely visual ant such as Gigantiops destructor, the visual centers can make up about 25% of the total brain volume).

    How do we know?
    Counting cells section by section from thin brain slices is extremely tedious work. Therefore, data exist only for very few insects (honey bee, house fly, and fruit fly) but not for any ants. However, a clever method developed relatively recently for vertebrates (Herculano Houzel and Lent, 2005) can save a lot of time: brains are homogenized (squished) in a known amount of liquid, so that all cells are destroyed and only the cell nuclei stay intact, which are then stained with a fluorescent marker. Small samples are drawn from this ‘brain soup’, and nuclei are counted using a cell-counting microscope slide (hemocytometer). Nuclei counts from those small samples are then extrapolated to the total volume of the ‘soup’ to yield the number of cells in a brain. We have so far compared a handful of ant species and a number of other Hymenoptera covering a large range of body and brain sizes.

    Compared to humans, our formicine pets use fewer tools and have simpler languages and tiny brains. But they do pack more cells into those brains: scaled up from a 0.1 mg ant brain to a 3-pound human brain with roughly 90 billion nerve cells, the giant ant brain would have more than 500 billion cells. Each of those gargantuan ants would probably speak more than 10 languages fluently.

    References:
    Herculano-Houzel, S.2009: The human brain in numbers: a linearly scaled-up primate brain. – Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 3: 31. https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.09.031.2009

    Herculano-Houzel S. & Lent R. 2005: Isotropic fractionator: a simple, rapid method for the quantification of total cell and neuron numbers in the brain. – Journal of Neuroscience 25:2518-21




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scienceillustrated.com
Ant with zoom to its brain

© Wulfila Gronenberg/Alamy/Imageselect/Clarence Holmes Wildlife

Ant has record-breaking brain

Species: Brachymyrmex ant.

Record: The brain makes up 15 % of the body weight.

Characteristics: The Brachymyrmex ant's brain weighs just 0.006 mg, but because the rest of the ant's body is extremely small with a length of 2 mm, the brain accounts for 15 % of its body weight, making the creature's brain 5+ times the size of a human’s. The ant has the world's largest brain relative to body size.

Capabilities: Brachymyrmex and many other ants have a way of life that requires a relatively large brain. They are among the best navigators in the animal kingdom, using the Sun, polarised light, scent trails, visual points, and mapping to find their way. In addition, ants form complex societies of up to a million individuals, each with their own task, such as foraging for food, defending the colony, or caring for offspring.



The research team found that the brains of worker and male ants are extremely specialized and highly complementary. The neurons responsible for learning and memory and processing olfactory information are particularly abundant in workers, while the abundance of optic lobe cells responsible for processing visual information is very low. This trend is reversed in male ant brains where there is an abundance of optic lobe cells, but fewer neurons for olfactory processing, learning and memory.by BGI Group

Brain gene expression analyses in virgin and mated queens of fire ants reveal mating-independent and socially regulated changes





  • Originally published on April 17, 2021.

    Researchers have discovered that a species of ant can regrow lost parts of their brain, an ability believed to be rare in the animal kingdom, and never before seen in insects.

    In most species of ants, only the queen can reproduce. However in the Indian jumping ant, when the queen dies, female workers have the ability to take on the reproductive role for the colony. But the promotion from worker to queen comes with a catch: the ant loses up to 25 per cent of its brain volume.

    "We had already known that they lose this region of their brain. But what no one had ever really thought to look at was, can they get it back?" ant researcher Clint Penick told Quirks & Quarks host Bob McDonald.

    When researchers removed these queen-like ants from the colony, they essentially reverted back to workers, and Penick and his fellow researchers found that the ants were able to regrow the missing parts of their brain.

    "If I was a betting man, I'm not sure that I would have taken this bet," he said. "It was pretty amazing to see that their brains came back all the way."

    The study was published this month in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

    Battling it out to become the queen

    In Indian jumping ant colonies, when the queen dies, within hours the worker ants start competing in gladiatorial tournaments to find a replacement.

    "What you start to see happening is workers beating each other in the face with their antennae and they do it back and forth really quickly," said Penick, an assistant professor of biology at Kennesaw State University in Georgia. "They're actually pretty fun to watch."

  • The Ants in the Bible

    Ants are mentioned twice in the Bible.

    Proverb 6:6-8

    6 Go to the ant, you sluggard; consider its ways and be wise!
    7 It has no commander, no overseer or ruler,
    8 yet it stores its provisions in summer and gathers its food at harvest.

    Proverbs 30:24-25 (King James Version)

    24There be four things which are little (smallest) upon the earth, but they are exceeding wise:
    25The ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat (food) in the summer;
    Ants are creatures of little strength
    Ants are a people not strong

    In the Bible the only characters that match the science are the wisdom of the Ants and their ability to word hard.
    However, the Bible says that Ants have no commander, no overseer or ruler which is not scientifically true because the Ants have commander, overseer and ruler.
    Also, the Bible says that the Ants are not strong which is not scientifically correct because the Ants can carry up to 50 times their weight.
    How come that a weight lifter who is capable to carry up to 50 times his weight is considered NOT STRONG?

  • For the word "said": Kala (قال) is for males. Kalat ( قَالَتْ) is for females. The Quran used Kalat قَالَتْ (female).

    If this ant had wings it would have flown off however it didn't have this option; instead its only option was to hide underground. Since it didn't have wings then this was definitely a female ant. Here the Quran correctly addressed this ant in the female mode

  • What kinds of Habitats do They Live in

    Their habitat varies depending on the species, as many ants live underground, while some build mounds at ground level, and a few live in trees or wood structures

    • Ants construct nests on trees, in the ground, inside hollow stems or logs, or under stones by using soil and plant materials. They carefully select nest sites and usually avoid places with dead ants because these sites might be infested with pests or disease.




















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