Hell is temporary, heaven is unending - Lamp of Islam
***According to Islamic thought, the existence of hell (Jahannam) bears witness to God’s sovereignty, justice, and mercy and also stands as a warning to individuals and nations of the definitive choice to be made between fidelity and infidelity, righteousness and iniquity, and life and death. The major Islamic schools agree that it is essential to one’s identity as a Muslim to believe in and look forward to the day—or, more pointedly, the hour—when God will bring his creation to an end, raise the dead, reunite them with their souls, judge them one by one, and commit each individual, as he deserves, to the joys of the garden (paradise) or the terrors of the fire (hell). Symbols reminiscent of Egyptian, Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian judgment scenes recur in Islamic accounts, in particular the record of deeds, the weighing of the soul, and the test-bridge, which widens for the righteous but narrows to a knife-edge for sinners, who lose their footing and plunge into the flames below. According to Islamic teaching, God exercises complete authority over the course of events. He has predetermined human destiny yet justly holds individuals accountable for their choices in life. Immune to special pleading, God, in his mercy, reserves the power to save those whom he wills and to look favourably upon those for whom the Prophet Muhammad intercedes. He created hell, with its seven ordered gates, for a deep purpose but has fixed a limit to the suffering of believers who have sinned. For unbelievers, who refuse to acknowledge their Creator, there is no hope of final redemption from the fire.
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Islam - hell - Encyclopedia Britannica
Jahannam
In Islam, the place of punishment for unbelievers and other evildoers in the afterlife, or hell,[1] is an "integral part of Islamic theology",[1] and has "occupied an important place in the Muslim imagination".[2] It is often called by the proper name Jahannam (Arabic: جهنم, jahannam), but other names include "the fire" (النار, al-nar),[3] "blazing fire" (جحيم, jaheem),[4] "that which breaks to pieces" (حطمة hutamah),[5] "the abyss" (هاوية, haawiyah),[6] "the blaze" (سعير, sa’eer),[7] "place of burning" (سقر Saqar), which are also often used as the names of different gates to hell.[8]
The importance of Hell in Islamic doctrine is that it is an essential element of the Day of Judgment, which is one of the six articles of faith (belief in God, angels, books, prophets, the Day of Resurrection and providence) "by which the Muslim faith is traditionally defined."[1]
Punishment and suffering in Hell, in mainstream Islam, is physical, psychological and spiritual, and varies according to the sins of the condemned person.[9][10] Its excruciating pain and horror described in the Qu'ran often parallels the pleasure and delights of paradise (Jannah).[11][12] It is commonly believed by Muslims that confinement to hell is temporary for Muslims but not for others,[13][14][Note 1] and Muslim scholars disagree over whether Hell itself will last for eternity (the mainstream view),[16][17][18] or whether God's mercy will lead to it eventually being eliminated.[19]
The common belief among Muslims holds that Jahannam coexists with the temporal world, just as Jannah (the Islamic paradise), does,[20] (rather than being created after Judgment Day). Hell is described physically in different ways by different sources of Islamic literature. It is enormous in size,[21][22] and located below Paradise.[23] It has seven levels (each one more severe than the one above it),[24] (the Quran specifically refers to "seven gates");[25][26][27][28] but it is also said to be a huge pit over which the bridge of As-Sirāt crosses and the resurrected walk;[29] to have mountains, rivers, valleys and "even oceans" filled with disgusting fluids;[30] and also to be able to walk (controlled by reins),[31] and ask questions,[32] much like a sentient being.
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According to Islam, are all non-Muslims going to hell?
The short answer is ‘No’. In Islam the decision of who goes to heaven and who goes to hell is left entirely to God as He alone knows people’s hearts and is aware of their deeds. What Islam claims is that it is the perfect religion for mankind and a religion for all time and all people.
This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour upon you and have chosen for you Islam as religion. (Ch5. V.3)
It therefore certainly claims to offer the best guidance – which if followed will lead to paradise – but simply being a Muslim is not enough to enter paradise. It is the righteous who are rewarded by God, who may well be Muslims, Christians, Jews etc.
The Qur’an states that people who do good deeds will be rewarded for them:
For those who do good deeds, there shall be the best reward and yet more blessings. (Ch.10: V.27)
So it leaves it open to God as to who will be judged worthy of entering paradise. Islam also tells us the qualities of the people who will enter paradise:
Surely, those, who believe and do good deeds, and observe Prayer and pay the Zakat, shall have their reward from their Lord, and no fear shall come on them, nor shall they grieve. (Ch.2: V.278)
And if they had believed and acted righteously, better surely, would have been their reward from Allah, had they but known! (Ch.2: V.104)
In the above two examples, those who believe in God, do good deeds, act righteously, observe prayer and give to charity are promised to be rewarded by God – and this may include the ultimate reward of being admitted to Paradise in the Hereafter.
Surely the believers and the Jews and the Christians and the Sabians – whichever party from among these truly believes in Allah and the last day and does good deeds – shall have their reward with their Lord and no fear shall come upon them, nor shall they grieve. (Ch.2: V.63)
If a person rejects Islam after knowing Islam and fully understanding its truth he will be asked about it by God. Otherwise he will be judged according to his own religion or his understanding of right and wrong.
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According to Islam, are all non-Muslims going to hell?
True Purpose of Hell
The statement that the evil-doers will abide in hell only for a limited number of years shows clearly that, according to the Holy Quran, the torments of hell are not everlasting, for infinite time cannot be measured by a finite number of years. Again in ch. 101: v. 6, hell is called a “mother” of those who shall go into it. The use of this word is, I think, the clearest evidence as to the true nature of hell as described in the Holy Quran. What is meant is that, as a child is brought up by the mother, so those in hell will be brought up in that place for a new life, the life of perpetual advancement in paradise.
It is true that the Holy Quran also speaks of hell as a place of torment or tortures, but these torments according to the Holy Book are remedial. Just as a patient has to devour bitter medicines and undergo operations and amputations which are most painful, but which are undoubtedly the only steps which can restore him to health; so also it is with torments of hell. They are not only the natural consequences of the poison of sins, but, at the same time, the torments are the most necessary steps to undo the effect of the poison and breath into a person a new life in which he must go on making unending progress. Thus hell is also a manifestation of the mercy of God, though of different kind, from heaven.
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